Othello and Antigone Essay -- Essays Papers

Othello and Antigone Othello, takes place in Venice during an attack of the island of Cyprus . The protagonist is Othello and The antagonist of the story is Iago, who wants Othello to trust him the rank of head luitenant but the position was given to Cassio. Desdemona is Othellos wife who is having an affair with Cassio. Roderigo, is a character madley in love with Desdemona and Emilia , who is iagos wife. The heart of this story is trajic. Although Othello is a noble warrior, he is a jealous person . with this, most of the play portreys the factor on jealousy which causes corruption. Many conflicts are found in Othello, military man vs. man is one . also, when Iago seeks revenge against Othello and Cassio because of his hatred and jealousy for them. Person vs. himself is also found when Othello has a problem with whether or not he should believe that Desdemona is imposture on him. . one lesson , in which, readers can learn from the play is that jealousy causes corruption i n many ways such as dishonesty which was represent by Iago.At the end of the play, Desdemona dies, iago has no guilt even when iago was dieing , he doesnt have any remorse for anyone. However, Iago was not fully to blame for desdemonas death, Othello also caused Desdemona to die, his jealousy and his and overzealous attidude cause it. Even in the end of the play , Othello doesnt know what his drive and motivation for killing the woman of his life. Sh...

Monoamine Transporter as a Drug Action Essay -- Biology, Neurotransmit

Neurotransmitters atomic number 18 chemicals signals are transmitted from neuron to the locate cell via a synapse through neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are associated in the synaptic vesicles congregated in the presynaptic membrane and are released in the synaptic cleft, In the synaptic cleft they attach to the receptors in the postsynaptic membrane.(1)Monoamine transporters are proteins which are found on nerve terminals of noradrenegenic,serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons. They are also part of sodium dependent transporters and have a key role in terminating the released neurotransmitters natural action in the synaptic cleft. In addition Transporter proteins are important in assimilating monoaminergic innervations as well as being the main target molecules for numerous amount of antidepressive drugs and substances for abuse. Monoamine transporters consists vesicular monoamine transporters (VMAT) and plasma membrane. Monoamine is carried in to the vesicles by the latter non-selectively and dopamine, nor adrenaline and serotonin is transported into vesicles by Na+/Cl- and selectively former. Monoamine transportation into the cytoplasm is stamp down when antiepileptic drugs for instance SSRI is attached to nor adrenaline transport (NET) or Dopamine transporter (DAT) and serotonin transport (SERT). Thus the monoamine level increases in the synaptic cleft. Monoamine transporters are the site for drug action,(2)Affective disease such as schizophrenia or Parkinsons disease whitethorn be involved due to usable changes in the transporters.The neurotransmitter transporters are proven to be most important targets for CNS drug discovery,(3)mainly for antidepressant drugs. Antidepressants act as a inhibitors of monoamine transporters. Serotonin se... ...ion and the evidence be in this study was due to low concentration of homovanillic acid which is a metabolite of dopamine(6).Dopamine agonists such as ropinirole,bromocriptine shows antidepressant charact eristics.Amineptine is a TCA derivative which also blocks the reuptake of dopamine and exhibit activity of noradrenergic and serotonergic.Most of the existing antidepressants seem to exhibit a similar efficacy in the general treatment of depression, however, antidepressants that have different profiles of action may target particular symptoms within the depressive syndrome more effectively. In such cases, the treatment provided could be accurately focused towards the predominant or driving symptomatology for a ad hoc patient. Studies have shown that this method of treatment has the potential of improving the rate of response and remission.(6)

Transformation of Global Technology :: essays research papers

The increase in the flow of entropy between nations has proven to be a critical part of the developing outside(a) community. Deficiencies in this field have lead to the ill-preparation by the United States during the Bombing of Pearl Harbor and the attacks on the World Trade Center in phratry 2001. In both cases, critical data was received from surveillance instruments but was not acted upon expediently enough to avoid disaster. With the transition from a state-based threat to non-state terrorist organizations, the make for more thorough scrutiny then before has become paramount to the national security of the United States. When the term global surveillance is mentioned, it is usually referring to what has been deemed signals intelligence. This is the analytic thinking of the targets communication signals and it consists of four distinct parts collection, processing, analysis and dissemination. In 1952, President Truman established the National Security Agency (NSA) with the d ual responsibilities of providing information security for the U.S. government as well as organizing and obtaining intelligence information. Most recently, a global communications cooperative between the U.S. and the U.K. known as ECHELON, has been implemented to collect national security intelligence and spread critical information to its members. This program monitors commercial communications both over phones lines as well as the internet. In 1978, the U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) was passed which limited the wiretapping of U.S. persons for national security purposes. This legislation developed out of concerns that the United States was abusing its power to unjustly learn to citizenss conversations. In order to avoid the dissemination of personal as well as national information, cryptography can be implemented to specifically keep unwanted viewers from tampering with internet and mail transactions.

Dating Methods Essay -- essays papers

General Differances Between Relative and Absolute Dating MethodsGetting dates for fogys that are found in sites beingexcavated by anthropologist is very important. Dates show theevolution from early hominid specimens to our own species, Homohomo sapiens. There are many methods that can be utilise to acquirethese dates, but all of these methods fall into one of twocatorgories. They can either give a absolute date or a relativedate. An absolute date is one in which you get an actual date in eld. Also known as chronometric methods. Relative dates donot give an actual date in terms of years, but they tell you ifone fossil is older or younger than another fossil.Ushally relative dates are given in terms of the column of populace they are found in. This is called striatigraphy. Insites like Olduvai gorge their are geological layers of vocanicash and sediment. When a anthropologist finds a fossil in aundistirbed layer of gray ash, you know that it is younger thanthe fossil in t he layer of red ash below, and that fossil isyounger than the fossil in the layer of brown ash belowit.(Johanson 65) The basic theory here is that a certian sitecantians a geolgical column key that is made up of differantstrata layers, the fossils get older as they move down the key,and are found in differant layers of strata..(Scully 2) Relative dates have a couple of major problems. One is that theearth moves in many ways and this can distrube the layers ofsediment putting younger fossils below older ones. Another isthat you can not tell exactly how untold younger or older somethingis from somethinng else and you can not date differant fossilsfrom differant sites with thes relative go out methods. Absolute dating, unlike realative dating, gives theanthropologist an exact date in terms of calander years. Thesedating methods are much more reliable and can be used in manydifferant sites with many differant fossils. Absolute datingbases its dates on the inborn radioactivity of differantelements found in the world.(Johnston 216) There are certianelements that occur in differant forms, these elements are calledisotopes. Each one of these isotopes has a differant atomic massthan others. Some of thes isotopes are radioactive, meaning thatthey give of radiation in either alpha or beta form, as theyde... ... has a half-life.C14 is the radioactive isotope of rearular carbon, c12. Thecocentration of C14 in the body is one ordinal of a gram in thebody to one gram of C12. This C14 is contantly annihilationing, butthrough animals and plants breathing it is replenashed when anorganism is alive. When the animal dies the C14 intake stops anda decay that is not replenashed.(Comas 456) During life an organism have a specific activity of 15.6disintigrations per minuate per gram of regular carbon in thierbody.(Comas 456) After life and C14 intake dispense with and theequilibrium is halted, radioactive disintigration of C14 occurs,and after 5,700 years thi s activity will have decreased to 7.8disintigratuions per minuate per gram of carbon in thebody.(Comas 457) This means that the ratio of C14 to C12 leftin the fossil when it is found can give a date in years. Carbon-14 dating has a half-life of 5,700 years, with the lowerlimit of 1,000 years. The upper limit used to be about 30,000years because after that the ratio was too small to analis. Recently reaserch by Haring and deVires has let scientist put theupper limit at 100,000 years old.(Comas 457)

The In-Between World of Vikram Lall Essay -- essays research papers

Divided in four parts The Year of Our Loves and Friendships, The Year of Her Passion, The Years of high treason, and Homecoming- The In-Between World of Vikram Lall is a bold attempt at telling the epic of Asian people in Africa. It is a novel concerning themes of love, passion, commitment and more(prenominal) than importantly, identity. The narrator, Vikram Lall, is a Kenyan born Indian who grows up in an era where rebellion, confusion, and disruption were all prevalent. In this journal, you will learn about the characters, themes, and settings in the rootage half of this book. Part One The Year of Our Loves and FriendshipsIn the first section we are introduced to the Lall family, who are residents of Kenya. At once the lector is introduced to the idea of cross-racial and cross-cultural love. Vikram and his younger sister Deepa pay befriended the son of their gardener, Njoroge. It is immediately apparent that Deepa and Njoroge have romantic feelings for one another. What mak es this unusual is the fact that Njoroge is black. B y doing this it is apparent that Vassanji is illustrating that even in a clock time where inter-racial love was not socially acceptable, it still existed. He further emphasized this through the portrayal of Vics romantic relationship with Annie, a British girl whose brother was friends with Vikram. This alludes to the in-between portion of the title, for intertwining of several contrasting races can be viewed as in-between. The fact Vassanji consistently refers to a time where racism was predominant it forces the reader to think back to the time where East Africa was very confused. Both of my parents are from East Africa and lived in here the critical time that Vassanji is referring to. They witnessed first hand the lack of identity that existed at that time. Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya were ruled by the British, run by the Indians and populated by the Africans. Because everyone played a different role they all felt like visito rs on a foreign land. The Africans, whose land it was initially, were very angered by these circumstances and tribes like the Mau Mau went to great lengths to nab back their land. Bloodshed was not an uncommon tactic for they resorted to it quite often. In fact, in the novel, Annie and Billys family are murdered by the Mau Mau for they were of British decent. Annies Death marked the moment where Vikram lost his love. He ... ...s eyes with a bayonet or something. The idea of walking out of the street and witnessing such severity opens the readers eyes to a harsh reality. Style/TechniqueVassanji adequately uses diction to enhance the story as well as using rhetoric questions. These rhetorical questions are very important to the story for they signal the readers response when necessary. ConclusionAlthough it took me a while to actually get into the book, as soon as I got in I found it really hard to put down. There is so much conflict both internal and external that upon reading the reader becomes fully submerged. The idea of co-racial relationships was at first hard to believe. I am not exactly sure what will happen in the last ii parts of The In-Between World of Vikram Lall, but I think that something absolutely shocking will occur, such as Deepa and Dilip will not marry individually other, even if their parents want them to. I think that this will cause a lot of anger and betrayal among the families. The more I read through this book, the more I wanted to read. I hope the ending is as good as the start, but I will have to wait until I have finished reading it to find out.

The In-Between World of Vikram Lall Essay -- essays research papers

Divided in four parts The Year of Our Loves and Friendships, The Year of Her Passion, The age of Betrayal, and Homecoming- The In-Between World of Vikram Lall is a bold attempt at telling the epic of Asian people in Africa. It is a novel concerning themes of love, passion, consignment and more importantly, identity. The narrator, Vikram Lall, is a Kenyan born Indian who grows up in an era w present rebellion, confusion, and disruption were all prevalent. In this journal, you will learn about the characters, themes, and settings in the first half of this book. Part One The Year of Our Loves and FriendshipsIn the first section we are introduced to the Lall family, who are residents of Kenya. At once the reader is introduced to the idea of cross-racial and cross-cultural love. Vikram and his younger sister Deepa have befriended the son of their gardener, Njoroge. It is immediately apparent that Deepa and Njoroge have romantic feelings for one another. What makes this unusual is the fact that Njoroge is black. B y doing this it is apparent that Vassanji is illustrating that eventide in a time where inter-racial love was not socially acceptable, it still existed. He further emphasized this through and through the portrayal of Vics romantic race with Annie, a British girl whose brother was friends with Vikram. This alludes to the in-between portion of the title, for intertwining of several different races can be viewed as in-between. The fact Vassanji consistently refers to a time where racism was predominant it forces the reader to think back to the time where East Africa was very confused. Both of my parents are from East Africa and lived in here the precise time that Vassanji is referring to. They witnessed first hand the lack of identity that existed at that time. Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya were ruled by the British, run by the Indians and populated by the Africans. Because everyone played a different role they all felt like visitors on a foreign land. The Africans, whose land it was initially, were very angered by these circumstances and tribes like the Mau Mau went to cracking lengths to get back their land. Bloodshed was not an uncommon tactic for they resorted to it quite often. In fact, in the novel, Annie and Billys family are murdered by the Mau Mau for they were of British decent. Annies Death marked the moment where Vikram lost his love. He ... ...s eyes with a bayonet or something. The idea of walking out of the street and witnessing such cruelty opens the readers eyes to a harsh reality. Style/TechniqueVassanji adequately uses diction to enhance the story as well as using ornateness questions. These rhetorical questions are very important to the story for they signal the readers response when necessary. ConclusionAlthough it took me a while to actually get into the book, as soon as I got in I found it really hard to put down. There is so much conflict both internal and external that upon development the reader becomes fully submerged. The idea of co-racial relationships was at first hard to believe. I am not exactly sure what will happen in the fit two parts of The In-Between World of Vikram Lall, but I think that something absolutely shocking will occur, such as Deepa and Dilip will not tie each other, even if their parents want them to. I think that this will cause a lot of anger and betrayal among the families. The more I read through this book, the more I wanted to read. I hope the ending is as good as the start, but I will have to wait until I have finished reading it to find out.

Global Cooperation Essay

There is a Chinese proverb that says, One chopstick is easily broken, but ten pillars chopsticks firmly hold dough. This reveals a simple rule that whiz is much stronger than individuals, and if you do not want to be beaten, you should unite and cooperate against enemies together. This proverb can too be used worldwidely. Global cooperation is important to entertain economy, and improve safety, peace and the environment. Different countries economies are linked together, and operate one an early(a) in more ways. Hence, in the world(a)ized economies battalion always worry more than about the economic growth and crisis. make do is the activity of exchanging goods and function. There are many trades, for example, to exchange fish for beef or to pay a go for its driving. One of the economic principles is that trade makes everyone better off.International trade is essential in these days because each country cannot provide the product it needs to dress the whole society, or i t volition cost more opportunity cost such as time and money in some productions. In this case, global trade is required. According to the World Trade Organization (WTO), 2013 annual exports valued $18,784,000 million in total merchandise, and valued $4,623,710 million in commercial services (2014). These massive amounts of numbers show the significant value of international trade in the world. chinaware is the largest exporter, and had valued $2,209,626.0 million, which is 11.7 percent of total world merchandises trade in 2013. Also, it had become the world second large economy according to WTO Database.However, it was only exporting $5,790 million goods and 1.0 percent of total world trade in 1973 (WTO, 2014). China has an unbelievable growth, and the king-sizedgest reason is that China started to switch the closed economy into more tradable market economy and trade much freely with other countries since 1978 (Chinese economic reform). The international trade provides more job opportunities, attracts investments and brings advanced technology, and these are the basic elementsin order to gain economic growth. Unfortunately, the drawback of collapsing a big international bank Lehman Brothers is unimaginable crash the global financial system, credit crunch, and economic regression.Because of the Asian Crisis in 1997, the Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN) had been more careful against crises such as no spoilt loans and strengthened nations cooperation. China decided to set up a $ 10 billion total fund in order to support China-ASEAN work and contribute $39.7 million aid to help Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar in financial troubles (Yan, W. 2009). International cooperation is needed for peoples safety such as natural disasters. Disasters are highly powerful and destroy millions of lives. According to America, the Indonesia tsunami, which is caused by a 9.0 magnitude earthquake in the sea near Banda Aceh in 2004 had killed over 150 hundred of people a nd created millions of homeless among Southern Asia countries and Africa. However, the number was continuously increasing due to injury and disease.Governments provided about $2 billion to support those countries in the disaster. This was a global cooperation many organizations such as Catholic Relief Services, the Red Cross, Oxfam, Caritas and Doctors Without Borders helped to save lives from diseases and water pollution. Because the transportations are damaged the supplies were delivered by helicopters and ships, which were supported by United State Military. Meanwhile, individuals donations virtually the world were greater than the governments total amounts, and these would be used in future recovery (2005). These international saving was successful and helped for countless people. Peace is a big issue for people because there are still numerous shouting and wars going on. In addition, the most thing that cause these dangerous issues are weapons.Weapons are made to protect peop le, however, they have become more and more powerful especially the nuclear weapons. The total nuclear weapons in the world are comely to destroy the earth Also the negative effect of nuclear bombs not only it can destroy a city immediately but also spread the radiation, which has decades, even different generation influences after exposure. Since 1945, the statistics show that the total war and violent has diminished. However, this kind of weapon is still being produced in many nations. Safety of citizens is questing because of threats of terrorisms.They can buy or make nuclear weapons and expose dirty bombs (Lifton, R. 2013). In this case, terroristsshould be stopped people should be protected and no nuclear weapons threat. Non-nuclear weapons are very important and hard to achieve. In addition, it needs global cooperation every government does their duty to increase the world level of peace. close to importantly, the global environment affects all lives on the earth, and coun tries should avoid ruining it. First is the global warming issue, it is a big issue that is caused by human activities and has the superfluous effect of modality change. In 2009, United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen had failed to make a worldwide agreement about emissions reduction (Nordhaus, D. 2011).This is because the contrariety about the distribution of reducing greenhouse gases and its costs. The decline in temperature is essential because it would affect everyone on the earth. Nevertheless, without governments cooperation this goal cannot be achieved efficiently because different places and regions have different situations and meet variable difficulties. For example, if the cost for imposing a high carbon dioxide emissions tax will generate the decline of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the influence of economy may even promotes a financial crisis, a government will not choose to do that.Also, when a country with smaller nation but higher per person green house gas emission but another nation which has the opposite situation, their will be conflict when require them to produce the same amount of emission. These are complicated and hard to negotiate an agreement. However, as the future cost for climate change is too high decrease in generals life span and grapheme, international cooperation cannot stop and require to be done more successfully. Besides, climate change also affects other organisms such as animals and plants. Human activities such as travelling may cause many animals and plants in danger. Decrease in animals and plants will damage the ecologic chain even influence the whole planet.To protect those animals and plants, the Washington Conversation has established in1975, July 1st and called the Convention on International Trade in exist Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, and it goal is to ensure the safety of wild species not dangerous because of international trade (CITES). Because the trade is worldwide and every country will affect neighboring countries, CITES needs to make sure every country does their work to stop threat other species in other countries. In general, many things include economy, human lives and other species are interacting witheach individual and country. They will promote different but widespread effects. Because of these facts it needs global cooperation to enhance the quality and safety in these fields. Governments should keep improving international action in order to provide a better world for all of lives.ReferencesConvention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Crash course. (2013, Sep 7). The Economist.International trade and market access data. (2014). World Trade Organization (WTO). Lifton, R. (2013). The dimensions of contemporary war and violence How to reclaim humanity from a continuing revolution in the technology of killing. Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists, 69(4), 9-17. Nordhaus, D. (2011). The architecture of cli mate economics Designing a global agreement on global warming. Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists, 67(1), 9-18. Tsunami. (2005). America.Yan, W. (2009, April 23). Crisis-Driven cooperation. Beijing Review.

Pixar and Walt Disney Merger

NEW YORK Mickey Mouse and Nemo are straightaway corporal cousins. Walt Disney has announced that it is buying Pixar, the animated studio led by apple head Steve Jobs, in a exact worth $7. 4 billion. Speculation somewhat a deal being imminent raged on Wall Street for the past few weeks. Disney has released all of Pixars films so far, but the companies current distribution deal was set to expire following the release of this summers Cars. The merger brings together Disneys historic franchise of animated characters, such as Mickey, Minnie Mouse and Donald Duck, with Pixars stable of car excessivelyn hits, including the dickens Toy Story films, Finding Nemo and The Incredibles. Disney and Pixar pile now collaborate without the barriers that come from twain different companies with twain different sets of shareholders, said Jobs in a statement. Now, everyone can focus on what is almost important, creating progressive stories, characters and films that delight millions of peop le around the world. As part of the deal, Jobs will become a board member of Disney, the companies said.And bathroom Lasseter, the highly respected creative director at Pixar who had previously worked for Disney, will rejoin the House of Mouse as chief creative officer for the comp eachs have animated studios and will as well help oversee the design for new attractions at Disney theme parks. The addition of Pixar significantly enhances Disney animation, which is a critical creative locomotive for driving growth across our businesses, said Disney chief executive officer Robert Iger in a written statement. During a conference call with analysts Tuesday, Iger said that acquisition discussions had been going on for the past several months.Jobs added that after a lot of soul searching, he came to the conclusion that it made the most sense for Pixar to align itself with Disney permanently instead of stressful to distribute films on its own or sign with an some other movie studio par tner. According to the terms of the deal, Disney (Research) will issue 2. 3 shares for each Pixar share. establish on Tuesdays closing prices, that values Pixar at $59. 78 a share, about a 4 percent premium to Pixars current stock price. Shares of Pixar (Research) fell somewhat in regular trading on the Nasdaq Tuesday but gained nearly 3 percent in after-hours trading.The stock has surged much than 10 percent so far this year on takeover speculation. Disneys stock gained 1. 8 percent in regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange and was apartment after-hours. Prior to the deals announcement, some Wall Street observers had speculated that Disney may be paying too much for Pixar. A source tells FORTUNE that some Disney board members also thought the price was too high. To that end, Disney chief financial officer Thomas Staggs said during the conference call that the deal would reduce Disneys earnings slightly in fiscal 2006, which ends this September, as well as fiscal 2007.He added though that Pixar should add to earnings by fiscal 2008 and that Disney was still on track to post annual double-digit percentage gains in earnings through 2008. But one hedge fund manager said that the risk of Disney losing Pixar was too great. The question isnt did Disney pay too much but how expensive would it have been for Disney if Pixar fell into someone elses hands, said Barry Ritholtz, chief investment officer with Ritholtz Capital Partners, a hedge fund that focuses on media and technology stocks. Jeffrey Logsdon, an analyst with Harris Nesbitt, agreed with that assessment.He said that Pixars success quotient justified the price of the deal. Pixar has yet to have a flop with its six animated movies. They have grossed more than $3. 2 billion worldwide, according to movie tracking research firm Box Office Mojo. Disney, however, has struggled in the computer-generated animated movie arena. Even though its most recent CG-animated film, Chicken Little performed better tha n many had expected at the box office, it was not as big a hit as any of the Pixar films. Robert Iger has made no secret of the fact that he wanted to get the animated business back to where it was.Its what Disney has known for but the movies they did in-house did not do as well as the ones they did with Pixar, said Michael Cuggino, a fund manager who owns about 100,000 shares of Disney in the Permanent Portfolio and Permanent Portfolio Aggressive Growth funds. Pixar has yet to announce what movies it is work on after Cars, however. It is believed that Pixars next film about a rat living in a fancy Parisian restaurant, tentatively titled Ratatouille may be released on 2007 and that a Toy Story 3 may be in the works as well.Jobs said during the conference call that vigor has been decided about future Pixar releases yet, but added that the company feels strongly about making sequels to some of its previous hits. And Iger said that announced plans for Disney-produced animated films, including the release of American Dog in 2008 and Rapunzel Unbraided in 2009, are still on track. It would have been unthinkable to imagine Disney and Pixar teaming up just a few years ago.The two companies broke off talks to extend their current distribution agreement in 2004 due to a strained relationship between Jobs and former Disney CEO Michael Eisner. But since Iger succeeded Eisner last year, he has extended an olive branch to Jobs. Disney and Apple have already announced several online programming deals during the past few months. Disney now has agreements in place to sell hit ABC prime time shows, such as Desperate Housewives and Lost, as well as meaning from ABC Sports and ESPN on Apples popular iTunes music and video store.Cuggino said the addition of Jobs, who will also become Disneys largest individual shareholder, to Disneys board could mean that more innovative digital deals could be in the works. Jobs is a dynamic personality who knows consumer electronics. Its an o pportunity to bring some youthful energetic thinking to Disneys board. Disney, like many other large media companies, has seen its stock price stagnate during the past year as investors have flocked to more rapidly growing digital media firms such as Apple as well as search engines Google (Research) and Yahoo Research) But Logsdon said the acquisition of Pixar could help Disney increase revenue throughout all of its business lines. So even though some may be quibbling in the short-term about how much Disney had to spend, he thinks Disney made the right move. Its a smart strategical deal, Logsdon said. The benefit in theme parks, consumer products and cable will probably make this deal look a lot smarter a year or two from now.

Education Is Life Iself Essay

Once John Dewey said, Education is not preparation for bread and butter education is career itself. It is quite difficult, even impossible to contend for the statement. We should clearly understand that education is a long process which lasts for the whole intent. More than that life is the best teacher we might ever have. In other words, we can denote that we live educating ourselves and educate ourselves for living. First of all, it is interesting to note that the notions education and life can be regarded as identical ones.The matter is that speaking about education we keep in mind that it is not just a limit of life but a lifelong process of learning. As Albert Einstein once noticed, Intellectual growth should commence at birth and cease only if at growth. Keeping to the point it should be also mentioned that education can be given and taken anywhere at school, university or home. It doesnt matter. However, on that point is no better teacher than life itself. Nobody can di spute it. People learn much deeper and more effectively through their own actions and mistakes. spiritedness motivates, directs, controls and evaluates us.Life teaches us. What is more important, life is always fair towards us. That is why we consider life to be the best teacher. To sum up, it should be said that every mortal has his own attitude towards education. For some people education seems to be an obligation, even a burden, for others it is the meaning of life, for the rest it can be a means to strain some higher goals but there is no doubt, education is the most powerful tool that has a certain impact on our lives. The other dubiety is how to use this tool.Nukhayeva Kamila

The Role Of Health Ngos Health And Social Care Essay

Health assist in Nigeria is structured along, and administered through the cosmopolitan cardinal grades the primary degree run by the local regimen, the secondary by the province and the third by the federal authorities ( FMOH 2005 ) . The part of Nigeria s health sector to the national economic corpse remains ill defined, and as a consequence Nigeria was ranked a blue 187th place among the 191 United earth member province ( WHO 2000 ) .Health attention installations are unequal in Nigeria ( Yohesor 2009 ) and this includes health Centres, forces and medical equipment. Moreso, the province of bing installations is frequently distres babble out due to miss of care.As lee(prenominal) provincesA health attention system is an organisational model for the distribution or service of the wellness attention demands of a given community. It is a reasonably Byzantine system of inter-related elements that contribute to the wellness of people-in their places, educational establishment s, in work topographic points, the populace ( societal or recreational ) and the psychological environments every bit high-priced as the straight wellness and health-related sectors. ( Lee 2009 1 ) .However, with the many societal and infrastructural jobs facing the state is the chase of the politically attractive third wellness attention which, arguably, has remained the lone attractive country of the wellness system, to the hurt of other degrees of attention. The disregard of Nigeria s wellness attention, with particular mention to the primary wellness attention system, its maldistribution, ordain ensue in an upside-down wellness attention pyramid. By deduction, instead than bring forth wellness for the people, would ever hold the menace to fall in on itself.Harmonizing to Asuzu ( 2003 ) , Nigeria s wellness attention system has experienced past rectifys, runing from the traditional wellness attention system that existed in the single Nigerian communities and the pagan groups before the epoch of colonisation boulder clay day of the month. Though Nigeria s wellness attention system is geared towards guaranting handiness and handiness of wellness attention by Nigerians, yet the state s wellness attention remains a major concern.On the other manus, wellness attention reform is the process of bettering the reality presentation of bing systems of presuming efficient and just responses to future alterations. It has besides been defined as sustainable, purposeful alteration aimed at bettering the wellness sector wellness attention reform is initiated by public or political action, is motivated by dissatisfaction caused by the failure to present results and implemented on a sector broad degree ( Berman 1995 ) . This presupposes that reforms might turn to the jobs of hapless quality of attention, inefficiencies in the bringing of run, inequalities and limited entree to wellness, degree of answerability and deficient reactivity to lymph gland demands.Globally, it would look Non-governmental Organizations have undertaken a broad scope of maps, including but non limited to, human-centered aid, developmental assistance, and publicity of human rights and lobbying to protect the environment. In other words, the ferment of non-governmental ( NGOs ) might hold been seen to spread out. Capturing the kernel of wellness NGOs, Gilson states ..humanitarian aid is assistance given to run into the challenges of a human-centered crisis, about ever includes proviso of nigh type of health care, be it preventative action ( such(prenominal) as supplying shelter, clean H2O and healthful installations, immunisation against epidemics ) or direction of exigencies ( such as hurts from a catastrophe ) . Arguably, Nigeria is presently undergoing wellness sector reform aimed at accomplishing improved efficiencies in resource use, improved quality of wellness services every bit good as greater equity of entree to wellness services. Jong-Chan ( 2002 ) asserts that given the strong influence they possess, NGOs remain the lone sector that freighter authorise the populace to demand a stable national wellness plan NGOs should convey their experiences in wellness attention reform to bear in order to beef up their alone place in the wellness attention system, independent of both governmental laterality and medical liberty.In the visible radiation of the above averment, it would look Non-governmental organisations ( NGOs ) have ever been in the head of progressing fresh thoughts, and in encouraging and back uping authoritiess to implement them. At a plain degree, NGOs by and large represent the voice of the people at all levels- local, national and international, and have taken on functions such as protagonism, instruction and grooming ( Ogunbekun, 20043 ) , and have been active in monitoring and bettering what has, or has non, been implemented or achieved. For illustration, NGOs have been in the forepart burner in advancing, developing and bet tering a world-wide and holistic attack to wellness attention services.For alteration to go on, it would be necessary to join forces with the relevant stakeholders in the wellness sector, whether they work in authorities, in disposal, or as suppliers of the necessary services, to convey approximately needed alteration and betterment besides to batten down the people rede and support the alterations which need to be made ( Lorgen, 1998 ) .Moreso, wellness professional associations might be effectual in working with wellness NGOs in bettering wellness attention bringing. Often, they seek the advice of wellness professionals sing issues around wellness attention, basically because they know that medical moralss require doctors to supply nonsubjective advice on wellness issues, in the best involvements of their patients ( Pfeiffer 2003 ) .Health NGOs, together with wellness professionals, might besides use the accomplishments and experiences that NGOs have garnered in seting informa tion and messages across to the populace in such a manner that the populace is able to understand and this will be necessary in bettering wellness attention.The function or value of NGOs in progressing wellness is hinged on three premises, emerging from the research first step of George Washington University s Centre for international HealthIndividual wellness and communities socio-economic development are per se linked Well targeted wellness publicity activities lot lend non merely to better wellness but can besides heighten an person s societal wellbeing Local NGOs whose members are antiphonal to the communities they serve, are more likely to supply this linkage through furthering community authorization.Many NGOs are involved in preparation programmes which is a function they come out to hold undertaken at all degrees. Therefore, they are well- sended to help the relevant authorities sections in conveying about alterations and betterment in wellness attention system ( Gilson 2003 ) . It would follow that NGOs should be invited by authoritiess to help as spouses in creative activity of consciousness, mobilisation and development of developing programmes on wellness attention reforms. Besides, wellness NGOs seem to hold the capacity to authorise communities to move on their ain behalf, fiting people to better the social and physical environments contributing for healthy life styles, and of wellness protagonism to enable policy shapers to acknowledge and appreciate the necessity for betterments in wellness attention conditions ( Starfield 2011 ) .Following the policy statement of World Health Organization s 1978 Alma Ata Conference, besides known as the Alma Ata Declaration, which proposed that primary wellness attention ( PHC ) be adopted for wellness planning and bringing, stressing on equity in wellness, disease bar, and a comprehensive scheme to advance single and community wellness ( Rodriguez 2001 ) , a wellness instruction scheme might propose th at within a socio-political context, wellness instruction aims to increase person s consciousness of his or her wellness position, and the causes and determiners of that position, thereby increasing the possibility for positive action.As Asuzu ( 2003 ) points out NGOS act as accelerator by promoting the assorted sections concerned with wellness to go actively involved in reform exercises This would be effectual if different NGOs work in synergism. For case, in add-on to wellness NGOs, there is engagement of other relevant NGOs such as adult females s NGOs that concentrate on activities to better the position of adult females and development NGOs whose Centre of involvement or activity is peculiarly on issues around development.Health NGOs, arguably, are dependent on their authorization or undertaking charter which is in tandem with the overall programmes of a wellness attention system within which they operate. Harmonizing to Ohanyido ( 2012 ) , the functions of wellness NGOs are summarized below work to guarantee that the wellness services are efficient, effectual, and accessible. work within the wellness system to guarantee that the figure of well-trained staff is available through capacity- edifice or protagonism to authorities etc. aid guarantee that the wellness information system is able to bring forth utile informations on wellness determiners and wellness system public presentation, and besides avoid making parallel systems work with all stakeholders to guarantee that there is entree to medical specialties, vaccinums, and medical engineerings in an just manner. strengthen wellness financing systems by researching support beginnings and recommending to stakeholders to raise equal financess for wellness, and guaranting that people can entree low-cost services. strengthen the system by guaranting that the Leadership must warrant effectual inadvertence, ordinance, and answerability.However, in order to work expeditiously and efficaciously in bettering w ellness attention system, wellness NGOs themselves must besides be found to be accountable, crystalline, and seem to be stand foring the involvements of the people.

Letter of Intent for a Language Program

GreetingsI am a freshman international learner and would like to apply for the offered Paris Summer Program for the main intent of obtaining purposive and applied education on the French language. I have set up the essential prerequisites for the aforementioned courseFrench 205 (A) and is currently taking up French 206.Additionally, I have passed DALF test, a French language growth test administered by the government of France. You will also find that I am well versed in the following languages French, Spanish, Bulgarian and English and has a good standing in academics with 3 As and a B+ in my previous semester.The Paris Summer Program would enable me to produce my French linguistic level and at the same time, absorb and understand better the intricate French culture. Such advanced linguistic skills are necessary prelude to my preparation for a future calling in international diplomacy, more specifically as country representative at the European Council. Requisites of the career include units in International Studies and Political Science Program and such program require advanced linguistic skills and exposure abroad.Aside from scholastic considerations, my liaison in the program lies on experiential learning on French culture- history, arts literature and music and language integration.Hoping for your consideration regarding my application.Thank you actually much.

John dewey v rudolf steiner

A comparison on two theorists fast one Dewey Rudolf Steiner There be many an(prenominal) theories and philosophies that have come and gone some which are still widely used today. Each human being has a mind of their take in and it is because of some individuals that we are able to learn progress and t apiece in so many different ways. Comparing different methods, teachings, theories and ideas allows our mind to reason and record more than Just our own point of stare. In child development there Is so much to learn, each child is unique and because of this uniqueness we an non only have one pattern of teaching for every child.Every child needs to have the opportunity to succeed and progress to the best of their individualised ability. I would like to compare two very intellectual and profound individuals who have expanded the minds of many people. John Dewey, a believer In Pragmatism and progressivism. HIS view was that you would develop and learn by using the mind to think an d to physically do. To prepare and enter society well equipped, psychogenicly and physically. I see the designate of education as the development f the Individual to function as part of a society and to contribute to the on going formation of that society John Dewey was born In Vermont USA In 1859.He was mainly known to people about his views and philosophies on the educational system. He however shared his views about many other topics such as ethics, social theories, metaphysics and more. At the end of the nineteenth century in the United States of America a new philosophical fecal matter started which they called Pragmatism. This was to Join intellectuals who had views, opinions and philosophical theories. The professors who suggested theories needed sufficient credibility and practicality without this they would be rejected.John Dewey played a big role In this movement whilst also publishing his conk out in books and sharing his theories in many different places including u niversities. His thoughts on the educational system and childs development really began to excel once he founded the University Laboratory tame which became the Dewey School. This is where he taught his students to have an active mind, to become educational thinkers. He believed strongly In the process of growth and high principles of mental activity. Little did he know that his theories would continue to this day.John Dewey did not believe in the rigid regimentation of the educational system which was in place and believed that each individual learner would exceed their personal best not by force but more by example, by experiencing and doing. Perfecting one selfs growth and being part of a system that aphorism school as a social community. John Dewey believed that good education should have a purpose In society and each Individual. John Dewey stresses the Idea that the prime(a) as a member of society. The belief that all genuine education comes about through experience does no t mean that all experiences are authentically or equally educative. Rudolf Steiner however did not see eye to eye with John Dewey on every level. They both had a deep passion for the offbeat and development of human beings yet had different views on how to reach that successful set in life. Rudolf Steiner, of Austrian origin was born in Croatia 1861. Being raise in a natural countryside environment allowed him from the early age of 8 to reason in his mind about the endless possibilities the human mind can have, arrival a level of spirituality from young.He is known today as the Philosopher of Freedom he wanted to explicate himself and others more on spirituality and the freedom in instruction and developing. Rudolf Steiner envisioned the spiritual world as being as real as the physical world we live in. He devoted his life in search of answers, he started his quest by studying Science and Philosophy in Vienna. After years of study and personal growth the answers became clear to him that he had found a spiritual path which was to be called Anthropology. He believed that this would lead the spiritual in the human being to the spiritual in the universe. There is cipher more important for life, even for material life, than the strong and sure realization of communion with the spiritual world. Rudolf Steiner was a strong believer in the Natural and Holistic development in a child. Each phase of a childs development needed nurturing, enriching and supporting, therefore, he believed that there should be three essential takes in a childs development. Each stage lasting about 7 years, he put a lot of emphasis on the fact that not one stage should be runty because of a set curricular expectation.He believed if each individual developed at their own pace gradually learning every important life achievement they would become well educated adults. His method of teaching was never to reach statistical highs but to reach personal growth. Each child would be taught and treated as an individual, with different levels and development speeds. The three phases are 0-7 which is seen as the early holding phase, the second phase 7-14 which is the heart of the childhood and last but not least the 14-21 which would be the adolescence phase.Each phase needs specific teaching and Rudolf Steiner made sure that there was a strong harmony in his teaching methods. This would be through exquisite expression, dance (rhythmic), singing, play and many other forms of creativity. His teaching methods were not for the minority, this was a method he believed would be great for all of mankind. The spiritual harmony and togetherness he encouraged within schools would be inefficiency to every child, regardless of academic ability, class, ethnicity or religion.We shouldnt ask What does a person need to be able to do in order to fit into the existing social order today? Instead we should ask what lives in each human being and what can be developed in him or her? As I said in the beginning, each individual has a mind of their own. The most beautiful conclusion for me is that philosophers have pushed their mental ability to find and explain questions and doubts a lot of us have but cannot answer. I have found some truth and sense in answer but we can strive to expand our knowledge.Both John Dewey and Rudolf Steiner made it their mission in life to educate themselves and educate us. I believe that each person can relate and understand both their theories to an extent, however, we have the freedom of choice. I personally prefer Rudolf Steiner, I attended his schools during all of my primary school years and his method of teaching I would never dispute. The personal, structured learning strategies Rudolf Steiner implemented are in my opinion the most natural way to educate a young person.

Anthem and Farenheit 451 Essay

Fahrenheit 451 and Anthem Comparison Essay When a person is entrapped deep down a familiarity that dictates their behaviour, thoughts, and opinions they are unable to grasp the realization of their societies corrupt nature. However, there is always the odd individual who get outing and capable of uncovering the impartiality of their fiat. In the novels Anthem by Ayn Rand, and Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury the main characters of the novels were able to find truth by, forming acquaintances that are banned by their societies, rebelling against the cereal of fellowship to gain knowledge or form ideas, and finding flaws indoors their societies.Thus proving that, when one seeks truth within the confines of a dogmatic beau monde it intimations to self- visualizey because they find the fearlessness to escape. When one seeks truth within the confines of a arbitrary b every last(predicate) club by forming friendships that are banned it leads to self-discovery, because t hey find the courage to escape. For instance, Montag a character form the novel Fahrenheit 451. In the golf club that he lived in, any types of reading material was considered interdict.Those who took it upon themselves to embrace the reading material were considered to be still as harmful as the material itself, because it lead battalion to believe all the false promises, all the second-hand notions and time worn philosophies that people had (Bradbury, 76). However, Montag intentially befriended an elderly piece named Faber, who in his younger days, before the revolution, was an English professor. Montag know that Faber was knowledgeable in literature, scarce he became his friend regardless of this fact because he was curious of the forbidden treasures that his society kept from him.On the other hand Faber was aware of the glorious preachings, concepts, and ideas that literature held, and he was also aware of the error his society was making when it opinionated to eliminate reading material during its transformation. Although he was conscious of the valuable information that would be lost Faber did not speak bulge out or fight against this decision, in turn he lost one of the most valuable things in his life Im one of the innocents who could get down spoken up and out when no would listen to the guilty, but I did not speak and thus became guilty myself Now its too late (Bradbury, 82).Fabers misfortune friendship and his non-existent initiative to fight for literature inspired Montag to discover his authoritative self, and his own beliefs that lead him to flee form his society in order to end up regretting the fact that he did not protest for his right to knowledge. Thus showing that by Montag forming a friendship that was not excepted by his society he establish the courage to escape. A second example of one finding enough courage to escape a authorityling society, because of a banned friendship is equating 7-2521 of the novel Anthem.In the soci ety in which Equality 7-2521 lives feelings and emotions that one may have towards another are forbidden, because it pass waters that individual different and unique from others within a society where everyone is to be considered equal. Although this is a main law Equality finds himself being drawn to a young girl by the name of Liberty 7-2000. With his innovative found attr fulfil Equality 7-2521 reaches out to the girl in hopes of grasping a relationship, and this is scarcely what he achieves.The relationship between Equaulity 7-2521 and Liberty 7-2000 helped him discover his true self. It made him realize that he was able to have love for someone else and that there was nothing wrong or improper about the feelings that he was experiencing and that this was not curse but an advantage, one that have him an individual. Equalitys self discovery, gave him the gallantry to escape form his society, because it made him recognize how corrupt and controlling his society was and it also made him realize that the lone(prenominal) way he would ever truly be happy is if he were free.Both characters with in the novels Anthem, and Fahrenheit 451 ascertained themselves by forming friendships that were not excepted in their society, an din both cases they gained enough courage to escape. Montags friendship with Faber inspired Montag to escape and realize his true self only because he was afraid to become what Faber was a coward, not willing to fight for his beliefs. In contrast, the friendship that Equality 7-2521 and Liberty 7-2000 shared inspired Equality to discover his self, and escape, because he was different and enjoyed being unique from the rest of his society.This shows that although both characters were inspired by friendships, the reasons for their actions, and their self-discovery were different. Thus proving that, when one seeks truth within the confines of a controlling society it leads to self-discovery, because they find the courage to escape. A second f actor that must be accounted for is the fact that when one seeks truth within the confines of a controlling by rebelling against the grain of society to form ideas or gain knowledge it leads to self revelation and it gives them the courage to escape. A good example of this is Equality 7-2521.In the novel Anthem Equality seeks and finds truth in his society by discovering a source of energy. The process of Equalitys discovery was very long and strenuous and it consisted of disobeying the rules that were set, on many given nights in order to sneak away and work in his secretive tunnel on his invention. Because of what his society preached, he instilled in his thoughts that he was, born with a curse (Rand, 13). Equality 7-2521 believed this because he was curious about the nature of things and broke rules to explore the world in which he lived.However, when he discovered that he was able to produce a light from a source other than a candle his thoughts and opinions towards himself and his society changed. His society did not want to recognize or accept the new energy that he discovered. The societys ignorant towards Equality 7-2521s discovery, that could have changed the way that the society lived and worked angered him. In result it made him discover that he was a unique individual that had thoughts that were far more indepth and surpassed the thoughts of others he was surrounded by.Equality 7-2521s search to gain knowledge helped him build the strength to escape the controlling society that he lived in because he realized that it and the individuals that it contained were just chinking him put up form discovering his true self and environment further. Equality 7-2521 sought truth within his society by rebelling against it and forming a new idea and that gave him the strength to escape. In addition, Montag from the novel Fahrenheit 451 was also in search of truth and did so by rebelling against his society and gaining knowledge that resulted in courage to bra ke free.In the society of this novel people were restrained form reading literature, and to ensure that this law was not broken. It was the job of firefighters to burn and destroy all reading materials. Montag was a consummate example of a firefighter he ignighted books to ensure that the evil teachings that they held would never by absorbed by people of his society, until his curiosity overtook him there must be something in books, things we cant imagine, there must be something there (Bradbury, 51). This interest Montag had in hat his society withheld from its people soon overwhelmed him and he found himself rebelling by secretly recovering and protecting book form homes that were being destroyed because of the literature that they contained Montag felt the hidden book pound interchangeable a heart against his chest (Bradbury, 39). Not only did Montag rebel by stealing books, but he embraced the knowledge inside. The wisdom that he acquired from these sources of knowledge lead h im to self-discovery, because he realized the corrupt nature of his society.His society was so corrupt that he no longer wanted to take part and inhibit people form opening and expanding their minds. Montags self discovery is evident when suddenly the odor of kerosene made him vomit, although it was once such a great aspect that only a true firefighter could love, and he could no longer fulfill his job as a firefighter and be happy (Bradbury, 49). Montags new found knowledge gave him the courage to escape because he recognized that if he stayed and continued to be controlled by his society that he would never be able to spread the knowledge and wisdom that he had gained.Both Equality 7-2521 and Montag rebelled within their societys and in result formed ideas or captured some form of wisdom. Furthermore, both discovered themselves and recognized from their discovery that they needed to break free form their society in order to have freedom and the will to share their advanced knowle dge and ideas. Montag and Equality 7-2521 both made discoveries that could have and would have changed the way their societys functioned and thought.Although, what Montag realized had been recognized by individuals in his society before in contrast to Equalitys newly discovered light source that was unknown to his society. Therefore proving that when one seeks truth within the confines of a controlling society, it leads to self-discovery, because it gives them the courage to escape. The last factor that must be accounted for is the fact that when one presues truth within the confines of a manipulating society by finding flaws within, it leads to self-discovery, because they find the courage to escape.An example of this is Equality 7-2521. The society that he lived in is very narrow minded and believes that conformity is essential in order for all to be content. Their Motto We are one in all and all in one. There are no men but only the great WE, one, indivisible and forever, is the basis of their ethics, and suppresses them form leading a typical lifestyle. No one within the society of the novel Anthem was permitted to have thoughts, pinions, or ideas of their own. Equality 7-2521 was silenced by the conformity that his society had.Finally he came to the realization that his societys flaw was depriving him and others of their individuality. This realization gave Equality 7-2521 a better understanding of himself. Him recognizing his societys flaw gave him the bravery to escape, because he realized that his society would never learn from it mistakes and frailties, and that he needed to take action in order to provide a better and more fulfilling life for himself and others. Therefore, Equality 7-2521 investigation for truth within his society led him to the realization of flaws that it contained, and gave him the courage to escape.In comparison, in the novel Fahrenheit 451 Montag uncovers imperfections within his society, that directed him to discover himself, b ecause it gave him the courage to retreat. The society that Montag lives in confines the population by restraining them from any sift of reading material, in fear that the material will cause people to become unhappy, depressed, or angry, with the information that it consists of We stand against the small tide of those who want to make everyone unhappy with conflicting theory and thought Dont let the torrent of melancholy and drear philosophy drown our world (Bradbury, 62).This quotation proves that this society believes that it is truly making people happy by holding back, and not allowing them to have opinions and thoughts of their own, basically controlling them. Not only does the society of the novel control people by making it known that they can not enjoy the pleasure, and benefits of reading, but they also control them with parlor walls, which are giant televisions that take up an entire living room wall. These walls tell you what to think and blasts it in. It must be right. It seems so right. It rushes you on so quickly to its own conclusions your mind hasnt time to protest (Bradbury, 84). Montag realizes that this is his societys major fault, and the reason that they are in desperate attempts of controlling everyone is because they believe and want everyone to be alike We must all be alike. Not everyone born free and equal, as the Constitutions says, but everyone made equal (Bradbury, 58).Montags recognition of his societys flaw leads him to self-discovery ecause he realizes exactly what his society is doing, and knows that it is not mentally healthy for any individual. Montag breaks free of his society by escaping, because he yearns for the knowledge and independency that his society refuses to provide and except. Both characters perceive that their societys have major obstacles that they have to overcome before it could ever become a advantageously functioning and productive society with well functioning individuals. They also escape the societies , because they realize that nothing will ever be done about the blunders that they hold.Furthermore, both Montag, and Equality 7-2521 conceive when free from their ago societies that they want to take action, and establish a society of their own. Both societies in the two novels Fahrenheit 451 and Anthem find ways of controlling the humanity that it with hold by molding them into what them want them to be. Thus and thus proving that when one seeks truth within the confines of a controlling society it leads to self-discovery, because they find the courage to escape.

Professional football and subculture Essay

Sports around the worldly concern be a large part of the Americans subculture. There atomic number 18 many passe-partout sports that are very rivalrous throughout the world, but in my opinion professional football is the most competitive. There are as well many different cultures, values and different ways sports have impacted my life and the people ring by us. First of all, throughout America we all have different values in both huskie football, high school football or professional football.The culture- values in different Americans throughout the world unites people of different race and backgrounds for every sport around the world. In football, fans come together to agree and cheer on their favorite team. Some of us consider football as a erstwhile(prenominal) time while others see it as their profession and get paid millions of dollars each season.In professional football culture values plays a very important role. For example, last years first-rate bowl season involve d the New York Giants and New England Patriots which took place in Indianapolis, Indiana. With the majority of football fans observance Super coil Sunday there are a lot of money values that are involved.For example, all of the commercials, clothing, ticket sales, hotel reservations and gambling is a good way to add to the economy. Another subculture example, the way fans gear up up for the game, different outfits, clothing and facial paintings all add different styles of value during Super Bowl Sunday. Football season has impacted my life a couple of different ways. First of all, it takes up a few hours of my time during my favorite teams game. Even though it takes a few hours out of my day on either Sunday or Monday it is still worth it. Secondly, having to spend time with family, friends, having a barbecue and swallow cold adult beverages is always a plus.Although professional football is considered very competitive sport among unhomogeneous teams we still have our own belie fs on how the game is played, how much we spend, what we wear, how we look and basically who we are border by. At the end of the day, we are who we are and we all live differently around the world. Lower class, mettle class or upper class, but we are still people with our own beliefs

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

TOMB OF THE UNKNOW SOLDIER November 7, 2011 1. The unexplored Sol let outr fought in founding war I. The burial place of the unknown soldier was in France, near the battle at Vimy Ridge, marked by a tombstone that read Known unto God. The remains of an unidentified soldier were returned to Canada to the tomb of the dark Soldier, a speci on the wholey designed sarcophagus directly in front of the National War Memorial in Ottawa, the National Capital. 2. The remains of soldiers that fought in WWI and who were not identified were buried near Vimy Ridge which was the site of Canadas biggest victory in 1917 and where many Canadian troops died.After the remains of the unknown soldier were returned from France, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was placed directly in front of the National War Memorial in Ottawa. The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is to honor our service men and women and to remind the Nation of the cost and relinquish Canadians have made for ease and freedom in the past, in the present and in the future. The Tomb honors the 28,000 Canadian service people who have died in wars in this century . TOMB OF THE UNKNOW SOLDIERAlex Donovan 9A November 7, 2011 3. I esteem the Unknown Soldier was a man because women did not fight in combat in World War I. I think the Soldier was very young in his twenties, tall and strong. He belie to be fearless but was very scared in battle. He fought for what he believed in. 4. We know that the Unknown Soldier was a young Canadian man, fought in World War I and fought at Vimy Ridge. 5. No I do not think that the Soldier should be identified. The Unknown Soldier is meant to be symbolic.It represents all Canadian Soldiers who fought for this Country. Once identified it becomes specific and does not represent everybody, There would be no neighboring(a) family members alive who would benefit from this information. 6. The Unknown Soldier symbolizes the Canadian service people who sacrificed their lives in the cause of pea ce and freedom whether they be navy, army, air force or merchant marine and who died or may die for their country in all conflicts past, present, and future.

Busy Busy Barcelona

It is said that Barcelona is one of the close to exciting cities in the world. On prime(prenominal) arrival there were only hints of this, provided as the coach further into the urban center its reliable colours were shining gloriously. I couldnt be sure if it was the fast street entertainment or the wide amount of shoppers and business, but either way my pulse was pumping because of this electrifying city.My excuse for being in this lift up environment is a twenty-four hour period trip to the big city everyone talks ab away. My accommodation was situated in a coastal town named Salou, roughly one hours drive from Barcelona. My hotel was called hotel Cleopatra, a nice but relatively insignificant next to this manic metropolis. As my accommodation was over an hour away I was anticipating a good day protrude and so far things looked set to be going that way.Approaching the city centre presently, I notice two extremes of Barcelonas meddling life. The first are apparent to be the wealthy, actor labelled snobs who frown upon and grace no pity towards the other forgotten race that that are the penitent tramps. It seemed that the rest of the city was moving forward so blindingly fast that that these endless vagabonds are left in a sea of no hope. However, in an action so hypocritical to whom I estimable accused, we by design admire a crumbling sculpture to move on swiftly ult the swarm of homeless Spaniards.Our first objective of the trip is to get a topless bus around the city. We vaguely made out the attempt at English from the operator, which did seem to be a recurrence throughout the day, demanding of us, four people, 68 Euros Youve got to be joking However at this point we didnt really have much choice as this was the only real way we could ever get a good old gander at the sites of the city. So despite the outrage, me, my Girlfriend, her Mum and her Dad decide to give it a go. The bus was certainly filled with most British, yet the navigator o n the microphone never thought to attempt a spot of English, no, strictly Spanish. Nevertheless we could still view the sites and scenery, if of course we hadnt of taken poor advice in which we asked for the route which takes us past the illustrious Barcelona Cathedral, but never did we actually see the magnificent building. At least, not from closer than half a mile away viewed on a hilltop.The one truly satisfying thing about this exhilarating inhabit was that from inside the topless bus the sun came beaming down on us in which I believe I turned about 5 different shades from snow-covered to brown within a matter of two and half hours.On departure of our trip that be a somewhat anti climax situation, I felt a large overpowering respire of relief come across me, and a look around made an impact and my original feelings of the day that was the anticipation of the new city ahead of me. Fresh air? No block buildings? No traffic and insane amounts of shoppers We had reached a com pletely different part of Barcelona which we had looped around the city to get to it in the bus, but we had ended up perhaps ten minutes from the city centre. We couldnt even feel that it was Barcelona, it felt same Spain, which seemed comparable so much different. This was certainly much the family side of the city as it had many more family shops and attractions, and not to mention families. Yes, this part of the city was giving me the spend feeling that the closed up, claustrophobic sprightly mainstream of the city wasnt.This new side of Barcelona creates a new feeling of ease and I finally chance wherefore this so highly rated city gets the praise that it does, and is so renowned worldwide as a hotspot for any age or type. It was almost as if there were two separate cities tangled in together to make the ultimate holiday destination, with a family attraction to the city being just a 10 minute drive from a busy and unpredictable centre, its bound to be that. such(prenomin al) a huge variation in tourist attraction is no doubt how this city rakes in millions upon millions of pounds through the tourism industry, making it Barcelonas key and its largest impact on the cities economy.My favourite attraction from the whole experience was stumbled upon at about mid afternoon and was a stones throw away from where we departed with the bus. I stared at first, mesmerised at the colossal once used Olympic Stadium. From the outside I witnessed it to be a enormous display of architectural genius used subtlety to emphasise the home of the flame once held within. As I leave the magnificent Stadium in which we were not allowed to enter, I felt like I could spend all afternoon with the satisfaction that I am butterflied with at the moment. No kinda said than done we ended up in that very place where we started off originally, but somehow I managed to appreciate it a lot more than I did as a first impression.It now occurs to me that these two parts of the cities ar e maybe simply complimenting the other to combine creating a worldwide holiday destination. However there are many reasons I would tell a holiday maker contemplating where to go to not travel to this big city, but there are so many reasons more why I would tell them to book it for Barcelona. After a hectic day we made it back to Salou at around nine thirty when I came to my conclusion on my day. I felt that as busy and difficult as Barcelona was, it was worth every minute and is not a day to miss out on, whoever you are.

Same Sex Marriage

Same energize spousal is an outlet that arises perplexitys with a lot of lot. both(prenominal) agree, some protest, and some Just really dont c atomic number 18. I fall chthonic two categories. I disagree, moreover I really dont c be. The reasons being are I stick with graven images words. He do Adam and Eve non Adam and Steve or Eve and Ava. God in like manner said Judge not for youll be Judged. Im not perfect or anywhere border on it, so I definitely dont want to be judged. I was going to write on claw hunger, but since I check to deal with this in my life now I clear-cut to cater a written document about this subject.One of my family members is multiform in a classred trip out kin for the past three old age. Although I dont agree I still have love for them. Just recently, theyVe decided that they want to be married. That arises and issue with me beca drug abuse although I dont Judge them I definitely wont be apart of the trades union ceremony and celebrat ion. I couldnt see myself condoning a man and wife with the vows of God for a couple of the akin end up. I do have standards and I do know how to take a stand. I tried to broaden my thoughts and mobilise about it for a moment, but it still wasnt working for me.So, I decided to do a comminuted research and see whats really going on ith the same sex unions. As I began to meet information I was stunned about a lot of occasions. The facts I engraft out were move to me. I learned that the sweat to open wholesome-bred wedding to same-sex couples achieved its first temporary success in 1993 with the decision of the Hawaii Supreme judicial system that the restriction of wedding to opposite- sex couples would be presumed unconstitutional unless the claim could demonstrate that it march oned a cause state interest.In response to this decision the state constitution was amended to stand the legislature to preserve that restriction. A similar court decision in Alaska in 19 98 led to an point stronger constitutional amendment, itself defining brotherhood as among one man and one woman. In further reaction to the Hawaii case, the federal Defense of sexual union Act 1996 provided that no state would be involve to recognize a same-sex join from another state, and as well as defined marriage for federal-law purposes as opposite-sex. The majority of the states to a fault passed their own marriage protection acts. In November 2004, eleven more U. S. states amended their constitutions to prohibit same-sex marriage. In Vermont, after(prenominal) that states Supreme homage held in 1999 that the state must extend to same- sex couples the same benefits that married couples receive, the legislature in 2000 created the status of civil union to fulfill that mandate. Connecticut adopted a similar civil union law in 2005. In 2001, the Netherlands became the first coun accent to open civil marriage to same- sex couples. Belgium became the second in 2003.In 200 2 by 2004, courts in 6 Canadian provinces held that the opposite-sex definition of marriage was contrary to Canadas demand of Rights, and in 2005 federal legislation extended same-sex arriage to all of Canada. Same-sex marriage was also legalized in Spain in 2005 , in South Africa in 2006, and in Norway effective in 2009. In November 2003, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court held that excluding same-sex couples from the benefits of civil marriage violated the state constitution, and in February 2004 2004 Massachusetts became the first state in the join States where same-sex marriage per se is legal.In October 2006, the New Jersey Supreme Court held that same-sex couples were entitled to the same rights and benefits enjoyed by opposite-sex couples under the ivil marriage statutes. The Legislature complied with that decision by enacting a civil union act in declination 2006. In May 2008, California became the second state to legalize same-sex marriage when the California Sup reme Court held that laws restricting marriage to opposite-sex couples were unconstitutional. Connecticut follo attach suit in October 2008. In California, the Supreme Court decision was on the face of it overturned by voter initiative in the November 2008 election. Paul Axel- Lute, Same- provoke trade union (Rutgers-Newark Law Library, Pathfinder Series, Oct. 1996), http//www-rci. utgers. edu/axellute/ssm. htm, lists articles, statutes, and cases through 1996. ) These things still did not convince me of anything and I decided I still needed more. I cute to know why did these plenty of the same sex wanted to get married when it was ca utilise so much controversy and most of the world dont with it. I Just couldnt understand so I went to the library and got a book by the source of William Eskeridge called, Gay matrimony, For Better or For Worse.That title really rocked me because that was the same thing that I was wondering. Is it for the better or for the worse. In his text he verbalize that the same-sex marriage literary argument to take account of the new argument against same-sex marriage, to wit same-sex marriage in S crumbdinavia has destroyed the institution in those countries, and left children to be raised without married parents. That alone clamses me because I was raised with two parents. (Eskridge, William N. , Gay Marriage For Better or For Worse? What Weve Learned from the Evidence. (Oxford Univ.Press, 2006) If marriage amongst dauntlesss becomes the law of the land, married gay couples bequeath be afforded all the legal benefits that apply to straightaway married couples, including pousal rights to Social Security, Medicare, private pensions, the right to consign Joint tax returns, and the right to inherit each others property. Many gays say its about time. Others say that allowing gays to wed is wrong and pull up stakes be harmful. When you ask about the good of marriage, we use to understand that the good of the thing was implied in its nature and its end.And marriage has to be connected and well have a chance to pursue this, but marriage has to be connected to that sense of sexuality imprinted in our natures, in the ineffaceable fact that we are born(p) men or women. The purpose or meaning implicit in that sexuality is the notion of begetting, and for compelling reasons, weve found the prospect of begetting finding its most apt reflection in a framework of honor that provides the ground on which parents are connected to the nurturance of their children for the same that they are committed to one another.When children are involved it makes it even more hectic. The children are being taught wrong and that I definitely dont agree with. The more I try to come to terms with this issue I Just cant seem to find enough of vidence that secures my thoughts and kindling to condone this kind of thing. I know some throng with disagree with me, but we agree to disagree. As time progresses I do indeed believe that eventually their get out be more states and same sex laws that I entitled to my opinion.I Just pray for the children and their well-being. Although some only think of themselves they should take a stand back and think of their children. Children are our nest generation and raising them to think things are very well when theyre really wrong scares me to death. Lets Just hope that the kids will make better choices than others. Same sex marriage hasnt yet affected my life, but as time goes on I do think it will be a part of my life.Same Sex MarriageSame-sex marriage is a term used for a social or legally accepted marriage amid two spate of the same gender. Freeman, M. D. A (1999). The most commonly term used in governing and media is Gay marriage. Some crusaders of the same-sex marriage use the name equal- marriage to emphasis that they are smell for equality and not special rights when it comes to marriage between people of the same sex. in that respect are those people who implore that equating opposite-sex marriage and same-sex marriage will change the entire meaning of marriage and its frequent traditions (Hull, K. 2006). notwithstanding they often use the term homophile marriage which is regarded to be more stigmatizing than the term gay. There are those people who suggest that the term marriage should be reserved for civil, unearthly and legal contexts using a standardized concept of civil companionship. This kind of ar averment will reinforce the wall of region between the state and the church by put a holly institution entirely to the church enchantment placing temporal organization under the control of the state. Some opponents and proponents of the same sex-marriage find suggestions of that sort to be unworkable.Whereas there are instances of some societies who recognize same-sex marriages, historical records battle arrays a remarkable diversity of the treatment given to same-sex marriages which range from credence and sym highroady to indifferences and prohibition. Some organizations that are inappropriate to same-sex marriage often ague that same-sex unions are not marriages (Hull, K. 2006). They also argue that legalizing same-sex marriage will gain ground legalization of polygamy and that legalizing same-sex marriage will deny children any a father or a let while at the same time decay religious freedoms.A research by American Anthropological Association states no proof has been found to show that people need to maintain marriage between people of the opposite sex and that same-sex marriage can make a greater plowshare in stabilizing human societies. To add on, there are crusaders of the same-sex marriage who argue that governments should not flirt any part in regulating private relationships. art object there are those who insist that by allowing same-sex marriages the governments will be promoting collective benefits to same-sex partners.As stated by Sean Robert Cahill, Sean Cahill (2004) the co unt surrounding same-sex marriage includes contestation ground on different social viewpoints and debate based upon religious convictions, health-related concerns, economic arguments and a innovation of other different issues. We can say that the issue of same-sex marriage was meant to be ever since the creation of the creation and people should try and accept it as it is. We should also try and note that we are a people of one race and those we all hold feminine and mannish traits in gradient us, period.There are those people who are reverse-wired than other people and those who are androgynous. This is genuine whether it is sinistrality or right-handedness or soul being right brained or left brained, et cetera. It is reliable that lie with through understanding and tolerance is a most important factor to spiritual growth. or else we stumble in fear-based thinking, selfishness and pure and unconditional hate (prejudice) against our fellow women and men.Same Sex Marriage In Why Fear Same-Sex Marriages by William shuttlecock, the author begins by presenting the side of Gary Bauer, who is against same-sex marriage. He agrees with Bauer that legalizing it will change 4,000 years of Judeo-Christian teaching, however, the greater question is whether it launches us on the path to perdition or merely heralds the cast of another irrational prejudice (Raspberry, 2001). Raspberry supports same sex marriage so long as these are directed towards forming monogamous and committed unions.Its the concluding Step in Killing Marriage by Maggie Gallagher points out that its not wrong to disagree with same-sex marriages. This is in defense of Rev. Fauntroy who is a civil-rights invention but is against same-sex marriages. The author highlights what the gay movement has done as harassment tactics, demonizing those who disagree (Gallagher, 2001). Gallagher ends the essay with a statement on how these tactics have even reached her individualized email.Committed Coupl es Would Stabilize Society by Andrew Sullivan supports same-sex marriages. Sullivan points out that based on research during the first six years when gay marriage was made legal, the rate of instantly marriages rose 10 pct, and the rate of straight divorces decreased by 12 percent (Sullivan, 2001). Sullivan believes that these types of marriages will strengthen the bonds of heterosexual marriage since marriage eventually encompasses all citizens. Personally, I would agree that same-sex marriage should be legalized.But it should be kept in headway that marriage is holy, and that the couples should truly be committed to their union. This goes true for gay as well as heterosexual marriage. With the high divorce rates today, I believe this should be the greater concern for society. The focus should be on strengthening marriages, not preventing or discriminating people from entering into marriage. I agree that legalizing gay marriage would heal the psychic wounds that scar so many ga y people and their families (Sullivan, 2001).Same Sex MarriageIn Why Fear Same-Sex Marriages by William Raspberry, the author begins by presenting the side of Gary Bauer, who is against same-sex marriage. He agrees with Bauer that legalizing it will change 4,000 years of Judeo-Christian teaching, however, the greater question is whether it launches us on the path to perdition or merely heralds the shedding of another irrational prejudice (Raspberry, 2001). Raspberry supports same sex marriage so long as these are directed towards forming monogamous and committed unions.Its the Final Step in Killing Marriage by Maggie Gallagher points out that its not wrong to disagree with same-sex marriages. This is in defense of Rev. Fauntroy who is a civil-rights legend but is against same-sex marriages. The author highlights what the gay movement has done as harassment tactics, demonizing those who disagree (Gallagher, 2001). Gallagher ends the essay with a statement on how these tactics have ev en reached her personal email.Committed Couples Would Stabilize Society by Andrew Sullivan supports same-sex marriages. Sullivan points out that based on research during the first six years when gay marriage was made legal, the rate of straight marriages rose 10 percent, and the rate of straight divorces decreased by 12 percent (Sullivan, 2001). Sullivan believes that these types of marriages will strengthen the bonds of heterosexual marriage since marriage finally encompasses all citizens. Personally, I would agree that same-sex marriage should be legalized.But it should be kept in mind that marriage is holy, and that the couples should truly be committed to their union. This goes true for gay as well as heterosexual marriage. With the high divorce rates today, I believe this should be the greater concern for society. The focus should be on strengthening marriages, not preventing or discriminating people from entering into marriage. I agree that legalizing gay marriage would heal t he psychic wounds that scar so many gay people and their families (Sullivan, 2001).Same Sex MarriageSame-sex marriage is a term used for a social or legally recognized marriage amid two people of the same gender. Freeman, M. D. A (1999). The most commonly term used in politics and media is Gay marriage. Some crusaders of the same-sex marriage use the name equal- marriage to emphasis that they are looking for equality and not special rights when it comes to marriage between people of the same sex. There are those people who argue that equating opposite-sex marriage and same-sex marriage will change the entire meaning of marriage and its general traditions (Hull, K. 2006).Moreover they often use the term Homosexual marriage which is regarded to be more stigmatizing than the term gay. There are those people who suggest that the term marriage should be reserved for civil, religious and legal contexts using a standardized concept of civil companionship. This kind of arrangement will rein force the wall of division between the state and the church by putting a holly institution entirely to the church while placing secular organization under the control of the state. Some opponents and proponents of the same sex-marriage find suggestions of that sort to be unworkable.Whereas there are instances of some societies who recognize same-sex marriages, historical records shows a remarkable diversity of the treatment given to same-sex marriages which range from toleration and sympathy to indifferences and prohibition. Some organizations that are opposed to same-sex marriage often ague that same-sex unions are not marriages (Hull, K. 2006). They also argue that legalizing same-sex marriage will encourage legalization of polygamy and that legalizing same-sex marriage will deny children either a father or a mother while at the same time eroding religious freedoms.A research by American Anthropological Association states no proof has been found to show that people need to maintai n marriage between people of the opposite sex and that same-sex marriage can make a greater contribution in stabilizing human societies. To add on, there are crusaders of the same-sex marriage who argue that governments should not play any part in regulating individual relationships. While there are those who insist that by allowing same-sex marriages the governments will be promoting collective benefits to same-sex partners.As stated by Sean Robert Cahill, Sean Cahill (2004) the debate surrounding same-sex marriage includes debate based on different social viewpoints and debate based upon religious convictions, health-related concerns, economic arguments and a variety of other different issues. We can say that the issue of same-sex marriage was meant to be ever since the creation of the universe and people should try and accept it as it is. We should also try and note that we are a people of one race and those we all hold female and male traits inside us, period.There are those peo ple who are reverse-wired than other people and those who are androgynous. This is factual whether it is left-handedness or right-handedness or someone being right brained or left brained, et cetera. It is true that Love through understanding and tolerance is a most important factor to spiritual growth. or else we stumble in fear-based thinking, selfishness and pure and absolute hate (prejudice) against our fellow women and men.Same Sex MarriageSame-sex marriage is a term used for a social or legally recognized marriage amid two people of the same gender. Freeman, M. D. A (1999). The most commonly term used in politics and media is Gay marriage. Some crusaders of the same-sex marriage use the name equal- marriage to emphasis that they are looking for equality and not special rights when it comes to marriage between people of the same sex. There are those people who argue that equating opposite-sex marriage and same-sex marriage will change the entire meaning of marriage and its gene ral traditions (Hull, K. 2006).Moreover they often use the term Homosexual marriage which is regarded to be more stigmatizing than the term gay. There are those people who suggest that the term marriage should be reserved for civil, religious and legal contexts using a standardized concept of civil companionship. This kind of arrangement will reinforce the wall of division between the state and the church by putting a holly institution entirely to the church while placing secular organization under the control of the state. Some opponents and proponents of the same sex-marriage find suggestions of that sort to be unworkable.Whereas there are instances of some societies who recognize same-sex marriages, historical records shows a remarkable diversity of the treatment given to same-sex marriages which range from toleration and sympathy to indifferences and prohibition. Some organizations that are opposed to same-sex marriage often ague that same-sex unions are not marriages (Hull, K. 2006). They also argue that legalizing same-sex marriage will encourage legalization of polygamy and that legalizing same-sex marriage will deny children either a father or a mother while at the same time eroding religious freedoms.A research by American Anthropological Association states no proof has been found to show that people need to maintain marriage between people of the opposite sex and that same-sex marriage can make a greater contribution in stabilizing human societies. To add on, there are crusaders of the same-sex marriage who argue that governments should not play any part in regulating individual relationships. While there are those who insist that by allowing same-sex marriages the governments will be promoting collective benefits to same-sex partners.As stated by Sean Robert Cahill, Sean Cahill (2004) the debate surrounding same-sex marriage includes debate based on different social viewpoints and debate based upon religious convictions, health-related concerns, eco nomic arguments and a variety of other different issues. We can say that the issue of same-sex marriage was meant to be ever since the creation of the universe and people should try and accept it as it is. We should also try and note that we are a people of one race and those we all hold female and male traits inside us, period.There are those people who are reverse-wired than other people and those who are androgynous. This is factual whether it is left-handedness or right-handedness or someone being right brained or left brained, et cetera. It is true that Love through understanding and tolerance is a most important factor to spiritual growth. or else we stumble in fear-based thinking, selfishness and pure and absolute hate (prejudice) against our fellow women and men.Same Sex MarriageIn Why Fear Same-Sex Marriages by William Raspberry, the author begins by presenting the side of Gary Bauer, who is against same-sex marriage. He agrees with Bauer that legalizing it will change 4,00 0 years of Judeo-Christian teaching, however, the greater question is whether it launches us on the path to perdition or merely heralds the shedding of another irrational prejudice (Raspberry, 2001). Raspberry supports same sex marriage so long as these are directed towards forming monogamous and committed unions.Its the Final Step in Killing Marriage by Maggie Gallagher points out that its not wrong to disagree with same-sex marriages. This is in defense of Rev. Fauntroy who is a civil-rights legend but is against same-sex marriages. The author highlights what the gay movement has done as harassment tactics, demonizing those who disagree (Gallagher, 2001). Gallagher ends the essay with a statement on how these tactics have even reached her personal email.Committed Couples Would Stabilize Society by Andrew Sullivan supports same-sex marriages. Sullivan points out that based on research during the first six years when gay marriage was made legal, the rate of straight marriages rose 1 0 percent, and the rate of straight divorces decreased by 12 percent (Sullivan, 2001). Sullivan believes that these types of marriages will strengthen the bonds of heterosexual marriage since marriage finally encompasses all citizens. Personally, I would agree that same-sex marriage should be legalized.But it should be kept in mind that marriage is holy, and that the couples should truly be committed to their union. This goes true for gay as well as heterosexual marriage. With the high divorce rates today, I believe this should be the greater concern for society. The focus should be on strengthening marriages, not preventing or discriminating people from entering into marriage. I agree that legalizing gay marriage would heal the psychic wounds that scar so many gay people and their families (Sullivan, 2001).

Supernatural Elements in English Literature: the Werewolves

Supernatural Ele ments in English Literature The Werewolves Awere masher, also known as alycanthrope, is amythological orfolklorichu hu adult male being with the ability to modifyinto a wolf or ananthropomorphicwolf- uniform creature, either purposely or after being determined under a feller and/or lycanthropic affliction through a bite or coin from a lycanthrope, or some other means. This transformation is oftentimes associated with the appearance of thefull moon, as popularly noted by the medieval chroniclerGervase of Tilbury, and perhaps in earlier times among the ancientGreeksthrough the publications ofPetronius.In addition to the natural characteristics inherent to both wolves and humans, werewolves are often attri notwithstandinged strength and speed far beyond those of wolves or men. The werewolf is generally held as aEuropeancharacter, although its knowledge spread through the human race in later times. Shape-shifters, similar to werewolves, are habitual in tales from all over the world, most notably amongst theNative Americans, though most of them involve animal forms other than wolves.Werewolves are a frequent equal to(p) of modernfiction, although fictional werewolves have been attributed traits distinct from those of original folklore. For example, the ideas that werewolves are only vulnerable tosilver bulletsor pierced by silver weapons, or that they can cause others to become werewolves by biting or wounding them derive from industrial plant of modern fiction. Werewolves continue to endure in modern culture and fiction, with books, films and tv set shows cementing the werewolfs stance as a dominant figure in revulsion.The werewolf of the last 60 geezerhood is largely the product of Hollywood. The first big werewolf film was The loup-garou of London (1935) followed by The loup-garou (1941), Frankenstein Meets the Wolfman (1943) and The House of Frankenstein (1944). THE CHILDREN OF LYCAON The Greeks and Romans included the werewolf in their mythology, in the story of Lycaon, the Tyrant of Arcadia. Lycaon served Zeus (pronounced as zeoos) human flesh at a banquet. In return the god transformed the evil man into a wolf, reflecting the shape of his soul.The very first transformation scene in werewolf literature was penned by the Roman poet, Ovid. Written in the 1st Century AD, the scene shows even the ancient writers knew what readers wanted to converge There he uttered howling noises, and his attempts to pronounce were all in vain. His clothes changed into bristling hairs, his arms to legs, and he became a wolf. His own savage nature showed in his rabid jaws, and he now directed against the flocks his unconditioned lust for killing. He had a mania, even yet, for shedding blood.But though he was a wolf, he retain some traces of his original shape. The greyness of his hair was the equivalent, his face showed the same violence, his eyes gleamed as before, and he presented the same picture of ferocity. From Lycao ns name we get the word Lycanthropy or the state of being a werewolf. From mythology, the werewolf entered legend. In the works of Herodotus and Petronius, the werewolf goes from being a mortal cursed by a god to a shape-shifting witch or warlock with evil intentions. In PetroniusThe Satyriconis a segment sometimes called Niceros Story.Stories like Niceros Story were common sound up to the feudal times. The werewolf was a man, transformed into the animal with all its vulnerabilities. Geraldis Cambrensis tells well-nigh cardinal Irish folk cursed by an abbot, to be wolves for their ungodliness. After seven years penance as wolves, they were to change back into humans and return home. The Rawlinson Manuscripttells about King Arthur and Gorgalon. Gorgalon is another poor idiosyncratic cursed to be a wolf. These medieval werewolves did not kill men or livestock, and could even speak the Name of God to prove their goodness.They are victims of priests, witches and often their own sin. THE LITERARY WEREWOLF The Renaissance ushered in a new era, that of the literary werewolf. John Webster wrote of moral werewolves and vampires in his playThe Duchess Of Malfi(1613), figurative creatures rather than typographical error ones. William Beckford, writing a century later during the Age of Reason, briefly mentions the lycanthrope in his arabesque taleVathek(1787)as does Charles Maturin in his masterpiece,Melmoth The Wanderer(1820).Other literary figures like Mrs. Crowe and Alexandre Dumas wrote works with werewolves central to the plot. Even the prolific and sanguine Penny Dreadfulssemi-illiterate, often plaguaristic, newspapers s sometime(a) for a penny a pageproduced one lycanthropeWagner, The Wehr-Wolf(1846) by G. W. M. Reynolds. With the exception of Wagner, more than often than not, the werewolf was employ as a metaphor for the beastly sins of glutton, cruelty and avarice than as an actual creature. Despite works with Romantic tonalities like GeorgeMacDonalds The G ray Wolf and The Romance of Photogen and Nycteris as well as Robert Louis Stevensons Ollala, the majority of Victoriansperhaps the single period to produce the greatest werewolf classicspreferred the transmundane approach, in adventure stories like Rudyard Kiplings The Mark of the Beast(1891), moral tales like Clemence Housemans The Werewolf(1896) and the masterpiece of vampirism,genus genus Dracula(1897) by Bram Stoker. More interesting to the lycanthrophile is the excised first chapter, published as Draculas Guest in 1914.In this chaptercut because of the novels lengthJonathan Harker leaves his carriage, which is taking him to Transylvania, and gets lost in a snowstorm. The graveyard he takes shelter in is inhabited by the undead. Only Draculas appearance as a great, red-eyed wolf, saves Harker, so that he can go onto Castle Dracula and the well-known events there. It is with Stoker and the other Victorians that lycanthrope returns to its true state as a supernatural creature, b ut retains some allusive qualities as a literary device.The Twentieth Century brought many works about werewolves, more than in any preceding era. Early on these works resemble their Victorian counterparts in the works of writers like Algernon Blackwood and Eden Phillpotts, dealing largely with moral evil embraced in handed-down ghost story techniques. It took a novel by New Yorker, Guy Endore (Harry Relis), to change the werewolf ascendant forever. Before Endore, the only werewolves to comment on social ills or the state of Mankind, were the allusive villains of Webster, evil men but not in actuality flesh-eating monsters.Endore combine the actual werewolf and the literary werewolf to earn a modern classic. During the years that Endure wroteThe Werewolf Of Paris, the greatest explosion of entertainment writing in American history was taking place. During the 1920-50s the Pulp magazines dominated popular entertainment. Titles like Weird Tales and Strange Stories produced hundreds of works about werewolves and other monsters. One writer who exemplified an imaginative use of the werewolf, was Robert E. Howard, the creator of Conan the Cimmerian.One of his very first stories was the sketch In the Forest of Villefere(1925) which first introduces de Montour, a man who meets a werewolf and kills him in wolf form. By so doing, he assumes the curse from the last victim. When we meet him again in Wolfshead(1926) we get to see how the curse comes on him like a ghost, possessing him and turning him into a wolf man. De Montour was standing, legs braced, arms thrown back, fists clenched. The muscles bulged infra his skin, his eyes widened and narrowed, the veins stood out upon his forehead as if in great physical effort.As I looked, to my horror, out of nothing, a shapeless, nameless something took vague form Like a shadow it moved upon de Montour. It was hovering about him Good God, it was merging, fitting one with the man It should be noted that Henry Hull had yet t o appear asThe Werewolf Of Londonand set Hollywoods werewolf mould for all time. Across many stories, Howard sets down the idea that the wolf people, the harpies and other mythological creatures are ancient survivors of a time when man had yet to evolve from the trees. present-day(a) with Howard was H.Warner Munn who pennedThe Tales of the Werewolf Clan. Beginning with The Werewolf of Ponkert(1925) he creates a different image of the lycanthrope, not a man who becomes a wolf but another creature who only shares some of the wolfs features Munns work was shake by a letter from H. P. Lovecraft published in Weird Tales. HPL asked why someone had not attempt a werewolf story narrated by the werewolf himself. Munn tells the decline of a man who is selected against his will to mating the wolf clan that is led by the fearsome Master, a vampire-like being who feeds on victims souls.The sequel The Werewolfs miss(1928) tells of the Werewolf of Ponkerts daughter who is wrongfully prosecut ed for his crimes. H. P. Lovecraft, whose fame lies with monsters on such a gigantic scale as to practice the werewolf look trivial, himself used the werewolf in a collaborative story called The Ghost-eater(1923), in which the werewolf has been murdered but returns as a ghost, reliving over and over its revenge. He also used the lycanthrope in the poem, The Howler(1929).MODERN WEREWOLVES With the coming of pulps like Astounding Science Fiction and Amazing Stories in the 1920s, Science Fiction writers would eventually get around to explaining the werewolf in scientific terms, in magazines like John W. CampbellsUnknown. Three of the most intriguing areThe Wolves of Darkness(1932,Strange Tales)and the novelDarker Than You Think(1940,Unknown) by Jack Williamson and There Shall Be No Darkness (1950,Thrilling Wonder Stories) by James Blish.Recent horror writers have used this same approach, playing fast and loose with the traditional werewolf but creating consistent, wonderful monsters. Whitley Strieber disposed with the shape-shifter altogether and gave usThe Wolfen(1978), ancient wolf-like spirits who have been on the Earth longer than humans. Preying take the unwanted and derelict, the Wolfen are the top of the human food chain, taking the sick and the weak. The future of the werewolf is assured. The old lycanthrope has a few surprises left up his furry sleeve.